Pharmacy.What were the first pharmacies?
The word "pharmacy" derived from the Greek "apothegm" - "warehouse", "pantry". Private pharmacies still existed in ancient grave yards with aristocratic people, and ordinary people treated healers, who also, as could prepare a drug "of all diseases". Hospitals in monasteries also provided special facilities for the preparation of medicines. The first in the world as a registered pharmacy opened in VIII century in the capital of the Arab caliphate - the city of Baghdad.
Much later, in XI century, they appeared in Spain and then in many European cities. From the outset, pharmacy occupies a special place among traders. Their agency, functioning form of qualification of workers, the prices of drugs, how they leave and storage subject to regulations that took the force of law. In this sense, the most telling decree of one of the most educated people of his time Staffer Frederick II (1194-1250), King of Sicily, the German king and Holy Roman Emperor Empire. Issued in 1224, this document is the first time to delineate the role doctor and pharmacist. Doctors were forbidden to produce and sell drugs, and pharmacists to treat patients, that is, everyone should have been involved in its "narrow" affair, because everyone is responsible and complex.
The first European pharmacy, which opened in in 1581, serviced the royal family name. For ordinary people selling drugs in green and insensately stores, and such free trade "green" often led to abuse of poisoning and toxic and potent substances. In connection with this in European country 1672 opened the first pharmacy for the people of the city, and since 1701 - after the resolution of Peter I and the prohibition of private pharmacies selling drugs in stores has been introduced so-called pharmacy monopoly. At a certain territory are allowed to open only one such institution.
By the end of the XVIII century in Europe there were over a hundred. Pharmacists affair in the country since the opening of the first pharmacies charge Pederasty Chamber, transformed in 1594 - 1595 years in order Pharmaceutical which, in turn, in 1714 - am has been renamed the Office of the Chief pharmacies, in 1725 - am - in the Medical Office, and in 1763 - am - in the Medical Board. Activities regulated pharmacies were issued in Pharmaceutical charter in 1789 of the Laws of the European empire. One of the paragraphs of this statute read: "Pharmacist, good citizen, rightly keeps jury office, be responsible art, honor, conscience, prudence, sober, principle, at any time, the presence and rank their common good, respectively".
In a stamp on baptisteries European documents, signatures and packages at stake image of the State Emblem. Pharmacies exempt from taxes and other opposes military service obligations. Benefits were a kind of compensation strict regime established by the state.
All medicines used to manufacture drugs in pharmacies, had to conform to established standards for quality. Was introduced and Pharmaceutical tax (an official document with rates) to limit the growth of prices for medicines. A Management Institution trust only persons who receiving special education.